1. Patient’s details

2. View : PA vs AP or lateral

3. Exposure

4. Rotation

5. Breath: Inspiration or Expiration

1. Posterior-anterior (PA)

2. Anterior-Posterior (AP)

3. Lateral

4. Lateral decubitus

. Standard view for routine Chest x-rays

. Taken in full inspiration

Patient is too ill to stand or non-cooperative

Heart at a greater distance from film, appears enlarged

Lung lobes, mediastinum & bony thoracic cavity better visualized

Useful for lobar pathology, mediastinal masses, encysted pleural fluid & basal consolidation

1. Adequate exposure: Inter-vertebral spaces barely visible through the heart shadow

1. The medial ends of the clavicles at eqaul distance from the mid line

2. Both clavicles sould be at te same horizontal level

In Inspiratory film, count 6 ribs anteriorly or 10 ribs posteriorly before the diaphragm. If less, it is expiratory film

ABCDEFGH approach

Only the trachea and the two main bronchi are visible in CXR

CXR may show compression from outside or Forigen body in the airway

It is the image of a person, animal, object or scene represented as a solid shape of a single colour, usually black, with its edges matching the outline of the subject

Silhouette sign is somewhat of a misnomer and in the true sense actually denotes the loss of a silhouette, thus, it is known as loss of silhouette sign

1. Right hemidiaphragm is higher than left

2. Costophrenic angles are acute angles

3. Both hemidiaphragms are well demarcated (pencil sharp)

1. Pelural effusion

Ranges from just obliteration of costophrenic angle to white homogenous opacity, space occupying (pushing the mediastinum to the opposite side)

2. Pneumothorax

Two conditions should be fulfilled for diagnosis of pneumothorax

Always below the left copula of the diaphragm

* Hilum is the medial central part of the lungs in CXR

* Two structures in the hilum

Lung nodule (or mass) appears as an opacity with distinct borders and is surrounded by lung tissue unless it abut the mediastinum or chest wall

In hilar Lymphadenopathy, there are hilar opacity with clear lung fields

In Pulmonary edema, there are hilar opacity with the following:

The black lung fields (radio-lucency)

Remember

Two conditions should be fulfilled for diagnosis of pneumothorax

1. Fluid level extendes along the whole HEMITHORAX

2. Jet Black opacity above the fluid level

Pulmonary cavity appears as black opacity (may contain with white opacity) with distinct borders and is surrounded by lung tissue unless it abut the mediastinum or chest wall

1. Patient’s details

2. View : PA vs AP or lateral

3. Exposure

4. Rotation

5. Breath: Inspiration or Expiration

1. Posterior-anterior (PA)

2. Anterior-Posterior (AP)

3. Lateral

4. Lateral decubitus

. Standard view for routine Chest x-rays

. Taken in full inspiration

Patient is too ill to stand or non-cooperative

Heart at a greater distance from film, appears enlarged

Lung lobes, mediastinum & bony thoracic cavity better visualized

Useful for lobar pathology, mediastinal masses, encysted pleural fluid & basal consolidation

1. Adequate exposure: Inter-vertebral spaces barely visible through the heart shadow

1. The medial ends of the clavicles at eqaul distance from the mid line

2. Both clavicles sould be at te same horizontal level

In Inspiratory film, count 6 ribs anteriorly or 10 ribs posteriorly before the diaphragm. If less, it is expiratory film

ABCDEFGH approach

Only the trachea and the two main bronchi are visible in CXR

CXR may show compression from outside or Forigen body in the airway

It is the image of a person, animal, object or scene represented as a solid shape of a single colour, usually black, with its edges matching the outline of the subject

Silhouette sign is somewhat of a misnomer and in the true sense actually denotes the loss of a silhouette, thus, it is known as loss of silhouette sign

1. Right hemidiaphragm is higher than left

2. Costophrenic angles are acute angles

3. Both hemidiaphragms are well demarcated (pencil sharp)

1. Pelural effusion

Ranges from just obliteration of costophrenic angle to white homogenous opacity, space occupying (pushing the mediastinum to the opposite side)

2. Pneumothorax

Two conditions should be fulfilled for diagnosis of pneumothorax

Always below the left copula of the diaphragm

* Hilum is the medial central part of the lungs in CXR

* Two structures in the hilum